Simultaneously improve mechanical properties and osteogenic properties of biodegradable Zn alloys by refining grain sizes to sub-micrometers

particles (~ 300 nm) and nanoscale precipitates. The enhanced mechanical properties mainly stem from grain-boundary, dislocation, and precipitation strengthening mechanisms. Compared with coarse-grained pure zinc, the UFG alloy displayed more homogeneous corrosion in Hank's solution. Furthermore, in vitro assays demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential. Collectively, these findings suggest that the UFG Zn alloy holds promise as a next-generation biodegradable metal with exceptional ductility, controlled corrosion performance, and excellent biocompatibility for orthopedic implant applications.