Health risks and interventions for heavy vehicle drivers: an umbrella review

Heavy vehicle drivers encounter a variety of health risks due to the nature of their work. This study synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to examine the health challenges and potential interventions for these drivers. Using systematic review methodologies, a total of 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2001 and 2024 were analyzed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Heavy vehicle drivers are particularly susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders, with low back pain being predominant. They face mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, which are aggravated by long working hours and social isolation. Substance misuse also presents significant health and safety risks. Furthermore, drivers are at an elevated risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, largely as a result of sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary choices. Alarmingly, the incidence of lung and bladder cancer is higher among drivers, associated with prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust.Heavy vehicle drivers encounter a variety of health risks due to the nature of their work. This study synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to examine the health challenges and potential interventions for these drivers. The prevalence of these health issues is greater than that observed in the general population. However, there is limited effectiveness of current interventions. To address these complex health challenges, comprehensive occupational health policies and targeted interventions are essential to enhance the well-being of this often-overlooked group and to improve public safety.