Digital Transformation and Legal Sustainability in Land Deed Registration: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and Brazil

Digital transformation in land administration marks a new phase in legal modernisation. Indonesia has introduced an electronic land deed registration system to boost efficiency and transparency. However, this transition raises legal issues concerning the authenticity of electronic deeds and the continued role of public officials in ensuring legal certainty. This study aims to examine how electronic land deeds can remain legally authentic in Indonesia and how the Brazilian digital notarial system can serve as a model for sustainable and integrated land registration. The research adopts a normative-juridical and comparative legal approach by analysing relevant laws, regulations, and institutional frameworks in both countries. The findings indicate that Indonesia's regulatory system remains fragmented, whereas Brazil has successfully implemented a digital registration model supported by verified electronic signatures and coordinated institutional cooperation. The study concludes that Indonesia needs comprehensive legal and institutional reforms centred on a chain-of-trust framework to establish a sustainable and reliable electronic land registration system.