Fiber-reinforced geopolymer materials for intumescent fireproofing plasters

Abstract This review rigorously analyzes the advancement of fiber-reinforced geopolymer plasters for fireproofing purposes in construction. Geopolymers possess superior thermal resistance and reduced environmental impact relative to ordinary Portland cement. The addition of fibers such as steel, glass, basalt, and synthetic materials markedly improves mechanical strength, thermal insulation, and fire resistance. Recent research is comprehensively summarized, focusing on the mechanical behavior, thermal conductivity, microstructural evolution, and degradation mechanisms of fiber-reinforced geopolymers subjected to elevated temperatures and fire exposure. Special emphasis is placed on intumescent properties and fire-protection mechanisms that support the prospective advancement of geopolymer-based surface protection plasters. This review delineates significant research deficiencies, such as long-term durability, fiber–matrix interactions under cyclic thermal loading, and standardized fire-testing protocols, while also addressing burgeoning prospects for artificial intelligence-assisted material design and performance forecasting. Fiber-reinforced geopolymers are identified as a viable low-carbon fireproofing material that meets the sustainability and safety requirements of contemporary construction.