Measurement of the Full Shape of the Thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Power Spectrum from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel–SPIRE Observations

Abstract We present a measurement of the full shape of the power spectrum of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect down to arcminute scales using cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) over a roughly 100 deg 2 field. The analysis incorporates data from the 2019–2020 seasons of the SPT-3G survey in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz; from the full SPTpol dataset at 150 GHz; and from the Herschel–SPIRE survey in bands centered at 600 and 857 GHz. We combine data from all the above bands using linear combination (LC) techniques to produce a tSZ or Compton- y map. We modify the LC weights to produce multiple versions of the Compton- y map, including minimum-variance (MV) and foreground-minimized (-min) maps. We measure the auto- and cross-power spectra of a subset of these maps in the range ℓ ∈ [500, 5000]. While this power spectrum includes contributions from signals other than tSZ, we present numerous checks to show that the most challenging foreground signal, the cosmic infrared background (CIB), is much lower than the desired tSZ signal in the scales of interest in this work. The final tSZ power spectrum is measured at 9.3 σ with both the MV and CIB-min maps. Our results are consistent with those reported in other CMB surveys across the literature. Using the difference in the tSZ power spectrum from the MV and CIB-min maps, we reconstruct the scale-dependent tSZ–CIB cross correlation <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">tSZ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CIB</mml:mi> </mml:math> , finding 3.1 σ evidence for a nonzero correlation coefficient that is positive on large scales and approaches zero for ℓ &gt; 2500. This result represents the deepest tSZ maps ever produced and provides new constraints that can help refine astrophysical feedback mechanisms and models of the intracluster medium.

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Journal
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published
2026-04-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae5c07
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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article
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article

Measurement of the Full Shape of the Thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Power Spectrum from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel–SPIRE Observations

V. Novosad, T. de Haan, E. Hivon, L. Balkenhol et al.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Measurement of the Full Shape of the Thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Power Spectrum from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel–SPIRE Observations

V. Novosad, T. de Haan, E. Hivon, L. Balkenhol, P. Chaubal, Abhishek S. Maniyar, S. Bocquet, A. Coerver, Aaron Ouellette, M. Archipley, A. J. Anderson, F. Guidi, J. P. Nibarger, M. Millea, E. Camphuis, L. E. Bleem, K. R. Ferguson, G. P. Holder, F. R. Bouchet, Y. Li, Ali Rida Khalifeh, A. Foster, D. Dutcher, F. Menanteau, R. Gualtieri, T. M. Crawford, C. Daley, J. Gallicchio, S Guns, N. Huang, S. Raghunathan, Anna Y. Q. Ho, Julien Carron, A. N. Bender, A. Hryciuk, Darcy Barron, Nicolas Ferree, P. M. Chichura, A LEE, R. Citron, D K Li, P. S. Barry, A. E. Lowitz, J. Bock, G. I. Noble, J D Hrubes, M. Korman, G.P Lynch, T-L. Chou, M. Doohan, M.G. Campitiello, P Ade, H. C. Chiang, T J Maccarone, J. Montgomery, J. E. Carlstrom, B. A. Benson, N. Gupta, F. Bianchini, A. K. Gao, N. W. Halverson, F. Kéruzoré, M. A. Dobbs, C. Feng, L. Knox, A. E. Gambrel, J. J. McMahon, A. T. Crites, J. Hubmayr, R. W. Gardner, J. A. Beall, L. Bryant, Y. Nakato, D. Anbajagane, K. Levy, F. Ge, J. C. Hood, K. D. Irwin, K. R. Dibert, K. Benabed, E. S. Martsen, K. Fichman, T. Jhaveri, C. Lu, W. L. Holzapfel, A. Doussot, S. Galli, Y. Omori, A. Chokshi, B. Ansarinejad, J. E. Austermann, C. L. Chang, K. Kornoelje, N. Goeckner-Wald, T. Natoli, E. M. George, W. Everett, C.-L. Kuo, C. Corbett Moran
article en

Abstract

Abstract We present a measurement of the full shape of the power spectrum of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect down to arcminute scales using cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) over a roughly 100 deg 2 field. The analysis incorporates data from the 2019–2020 seasons of the SPT-3G survey in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz; from the full SPTpol dataset at 150 GHz; and from the Herschel–SPIRE survey in bands centered at 600 and 857 GHz. We combine data from all the above bands using linear combination (LC) techniques to produce a tSZ or Compton- y map. We modify the LC weights to produce multiple versions of the Compton- y map, including minimum-variance (MV) and foreground-minimized (-min) maps. We measure the auto- and cross-power spectra of a subset of these maps in the range ℓ ∈ [500, 5000]. While this power spectrum includes contributions from signals other than tSZ, we present numerous checks to show that the most challenging foreground signal, the cosmic infrared background (CIB), is much lower than the desired tSZ signal in the scales of interest in this work. The final tSZ power spectrum is measured at 9.3 σ with both the MV and CIB-min maps. Our results are consistent with those reported in other CMB surveys across the literature. Using the difference in the tSZ power spectrum from the MV and CIB-min maps, we reconstruct the scale-dependent tSZ–CIB cross correlation <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">tSZ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CIB</mml:mi> </mml:math> , finding 3.1 σ evidence for a nonzero correlation coefficient that is positive on large scales and approaches zero for ℓ &gt; 2500. This result represents the deepest tSZ maps ever produced and provides new constraints that can help refine astrophysical feedback mechanisms and models of the intracluster medium.

The Astrophysical Journal LettersVol. 1002(1)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA), Northwestern University (US), University of Geneva (CH), California Institute of Technology (US), Texas Tech University (US), University of Science and Technology of China (CN), Argonne National Laboratory (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), European Southern Observatory (DE), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US), Harvey Mudd College (US), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US), University of California, Los Angeles (US), University of Sussex (GB), The University of Melbourne (AU), National Taiwan University (TW), University of New Mexico (US), University of Toronto (CA), University of Colorado Boulder (US), Princeton University (US), Université Paris Cité (FR), Cornell University (US), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), Sorbonne Université (FR), University of Chicago (US), Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation (FR), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Quantum Devices (United States) (US), Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CA), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR), National Center for Supercomputing Applications (US), McGill University (CA), Case Western Reserve University (US), Cardiff University (GB), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE), University of California, Davis (US), Michigan State University (US), University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA), University of California, Berkeley (US), Stanford University (US)
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Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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