Predicting Pain Perception Based on Psychological Distress and Resiliency

Background and aims: Migraine headaches are frequently accompanied by psychological distress, which can substantially influence pain perception. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and pain perception in individuals with migraines, with a focus on the mediating role of resiliency. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in Tehran in 2025 on 207 adults aged 30–60 who were diagnosed with migraines and selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Connor–Davidson Resiliency Scale, and Ahwaz Migraine Headache Questionnaire . Ultimately, descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations were performed in SPSS 27, and path analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4. Results: The findings revealed several significant relationships. Acceptance was found to negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) through self-care (β=-0.098, P=0.011). In contrast, positive reframing, mediated by self-care, had a positive influence on QoL (β=0.115, P=0.001). However, rumination negatively affected QoL (β=-0.191, P=0.001), and blaming others also negatively affected QoL through self-care (β=-0.110, P=0.004). Nonetheless, other components demonstrated no significant indirect effects (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicated that psychological distress is a key factor influencing pain perception in individuals with migraines. Meanwhile, resiliency plays a meaningful mediating role in this association. Accordingly, considering psychological factors in migraine management can improve pain outcomes and enhance QoL.