Urinary Biomarkers of Urolithiasis Risk in Crohn’s Disease: Hyperoxaluria, Hypocitraturia, and Hypomagnesuria in Patients with and without Ileocolic Resection

Abstract Background/Aims Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are at an increased risk of urolithiasis, particularly after ileocolic (IC) resection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, and hypomagnesuria in CD patients with and without IC resection, compared to healthy controls. Methods This cross-sectional study included three groups: CD patients who had undergone IC resection (group 1), CD patients with IC involvement but without active inflammation and without resection (group 2), and healthy controls (group 3). Each participant collected a 24-hour urine sample for analysis of oxalate, citrate, and magnesium excretion. Results A total of 107 participants were enrolled (34 in group 1, 42 in group 2, and 31 in group 3). The prevalence of hyperoxaluria was 26.5% in group 1, 35.7% in group 2, and 29.0% in group 3, with no significant differences between groups (p = 0.664). Hypocitraturia was more common in CD groups: 35.3% in group 1, 31.0% in group 2, compared to 9.7% in controls, with a significant difference from controls (p = 0.034). A significant difference in hypomagnesuria was found in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.001). Conclusion While hyperoxaluria prevalence was similar across groups, hypocitraturia and hypomagnesuria were more frequent in CD patients, particularly those with IC resection. Monitoring these biomarkers may help identify at-risk individuals and guide prevention of urolithiasis in CD.