A Review on Revolutionizing Modern Agriculture: The Impact of IoT Technologies

The rapid integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into agriculture is transforming traditional farming into a smart, data-driven, and sustainable system. IoT connects sensors, actuators, and communication networks to monitor real-time environmental, soil, and crop parameters, enabling precision farming, automated irrigation, and early disease detection. Combined with artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cloud computing, IoT enhances decision-making, optimizes resource use, improves crop productivity, and reduces labor dependency. Real-world applications, including smart greenhouses, the Internet of Underground Things (IoUT), and connected farm networks, demonstrate measurable benefits such as increased yields, water-use efficiency, and supply chain optimization. In India, government initiatives like the Digital Agriculture Mission and PMKSY facilitate IoT adoption, promoting sustainable and climate-resilient farming. Despite challenges of cost, connectivity, and technical expertise, IoT represents a pivotal tool for addressing global food security, environmental sustainability, and efficient farm management.