Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Efficacy of Nanosilver Fluoride and Xylitol-coated Calcium Phosphate Fluoride Varnishes Using Atomic Force Microscopy and DIAGNOdent®: An In Vitro Study

Background: In recent years, noninvasive caries treatments have drawn increased attention from the scientific community.Fluoride varnishes are topical agents that protect the teeth from caries, as they have a prolonged effect on the duration of fluoride and tooth enamel contact.Aim: To utilize DIAGNOdent and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and compare the effectiveness of sodium fluoride, nanosilver fluoride, and xylitol-coated calcium phosphate fluoride varnishes on remineralization.Materials and methods: To create artificial carious lesions, 30 samples of prepared enamel were placed for 96 hours at 37C in a demineralizing solution with a pH of 4.4.The samples were then evaluated.Following this, remineralization was performed over the course of 14 days using sodium fluoride, nanosilver fluoride, and xylitol-coated calcium phosphate fluoride.All specimens were examined using DIAGNOdent (KaVo, Germany) and AFM at baseline, postdemineralization, and remineralization.Utilizing a scanning electron microscope, qualitative examination was conducted.The Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to statistically examine the data.Results: At baseline, median surface changes using DIAGNOdent readings were comparable between groups.Significant variations were seen across the three groups when the parameter postremineralization was compared.Sodium fluoride had the greatest median values of 8, followed by xylitol-coated calcium phosphate fluoride and nanosilver fluoride, showing 6 and 4, respectively.Conclusion: Nanosilver fluoride and xylitol-coated calcium phosphate fluoride showed higher remineralization of artificial carious lesions than sodium fluoride varnish.