A Multiscale Signaling–Biophysical Framework Reveals Mechanisms of Macrophage-Mediated RBC Clearance in Sickle Cell and Gaucher Disease

antibodies demonstrate modulation of engulfment outcomes. We further employ Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (PIKANs) as an alternative to standard PINNs, demonstrating improved robustness under noise and sampling variability. More broadly, our multiscale platform linking biophysical simulation with systems-level inference is generalizable, offering mechanistic insights and computational tools for therapeutic exploration in diseases involving dysregulated phagocytosis. Significance statement: inhibitory pathway that normally prevents phagocytosis. The framework provides a predictive platform for studying immune clearance and may help guide therapeutic strategies targeting red blood cell-macrophage interactions.