A novel diagnostic and treatment paradigm for Streptococcus pasteureus infection in neonates: a case study

Streptococcus pasteurianus (S. pasteurianus) is a highly invasive bacteria, which is uncommon in neonates. Its main clinical manifestations include invasive sepsis and meningitis. If not detected in time, prognosis is often poor. We presented a case of a 16-day-old female admitted to our hospital with groans and fever accompanied by dyspnoea. Two non-specific inflammatory markers were elevated. Laboratory markers suggested the presence of meningitis. A second-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid suggested an S. pasteurianus infection. Simultaneously, the patient's coagulation studies indicated a hypercoagulable state. The child was successfully treated with anti-infective therapy and anticoagulation therapy and was discharged from the hospital without complications. For patients with similar conditions, we recommend pathogens screening to target the etiology of the disease and monitor coagulation function tests during systemic inflammatory reactions.