Dairy consumption, nutritional status, and academic success in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study

Dairy products play an important role in children’s development and may also have an impact on academic success. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the link between dairy intake and the nutritional status and academic success of school-aged children. Sample consisted of 118 children (aged 9–11 years) attending three primary schools, located in different socioeconomic status (SES) districts in Izmir. Anthropometrics were taken; Food Behavior Scale (FBS) was administered. Dairy intake was assessed by three-days food consumption records completed by parents. The adequacy level of dairy consumption was assessed based on Dietary Guidelines for Türkiye. Academic success was determined through subjective assessment by teachers. Of children, 44.1% had adequate dairy product consumption. Those with adequate dairy consumption had higher mid-upper arm circumference (p < 0.05) and FBS scores (6.23 ± 4.74 and 2.00 ± 5.22, respectively, p < 0.05) than those with inadequate dairy consumption. Dairy product consumption was associated with grammar, mathematics, and overall academic achievement scores (p < 0.05). Adequacy of dairy product consumption was similar across different SES groups (p = 0.583). Although it is difficult to establish a direct link between nutritional status and school performance and dairy consumption since other dietary components have not been evaluated, adequate dairy product consumption may have positive effects on children’s nutritional status and academic success. Establishing a habit of consuming dairy products during childhood and increasing their accessibility may provide significant benefits in public health.