Magnitude and determinants of delivery complications among women in selected hospitals of West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia: A multicentered cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of Complications during delivery is a significant contributor to the health of the mothers and neonates, particularly in low-resource settings like Ethiopia. Assessing the magnitude and factors associated with it is essential for improving obstetric outcomes and having a healthy family. This study aims to identify the magnitude of delivery complications and associated factors among pregnant women who gave birth at West Shoa Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 573 pregnant women who gave birth in the randomly selected hospitals, in West Shoa, from 1/7/2023-30/3/ 2024. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews and from the extraction of medical records. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with delivery complications, and variables with a p- p-value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model, and the statistical significance was determined at a p-value <0.05. RESULTS: The proportion of delivery complications was 30%(95%CI:26.4-33.9). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, depression increases with 1.5 times the odds of complication (AOR:1.5; 95% CI (1.06-1.6); P = 0.012). Maternal hemoglobin level was significantly associated with higher odds of delivery complications. Women with low haemoglobin had 6% lower odds of experiencing delivery complications compared with non-anaemic women (AOR:0.94; 95% CI (0.93-0.97); P = 0.01). Women with foetal malpresentation had significantly increased odds of experiencing delivery complications compared with cephalic presentation (AOR = 6.97, 95% CI:1.79-26.68); P = 0.001.HIV positive women exhibited a significantly lower risk of delivery complications compared to HIV negative women (AOR = 0.37;95% CI:0.19-0.72; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Complications during deliveries are high in the study area, with depression during pregnancy, having, and foetal malpresentation identified as predictor variables. Interventions should focus on early screening and management of maternal anaemia and mental health, as well as enhanced antenatal surveillance for foetal presentation.