Study on Quality Markers for Hypoglycemic Effects of <scp> <i>Moringa oleifera</i> </scp> Leaves by the Integration of Network Pharmacology, Fingerprint, and Multi‐Index Quantitative Analysis

A combined approach of fingerprint, chemometric analysis, and network pharmacology based on available studies was employed to identify quality markers (Q-markers) in Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) for hyperglycemia. Subsequently, we conducted a quantitative analysis of these Q-markers to provide a scientific basis for quality control and clinical application of MOLs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish the fingerprint of MOLs, and similarity evaluation and common peak identification were conducted. Chemometric methods were applied to screen differential biomarkers of MOLs from different batches. Based on the findings from network pharmacology, a "component-target-pathway" network was constructed using the identified key targets and pathways to predict the potential hypoglycemic Q-markers of MOLs. Moreover, 12 batches of MOLs were used as research objects to determine the content of Q-markers. Four compounds associated with therapeutic efficacy were identified as Q-markers through fingerprint analysis and a series of chemometric methods. Network pharmacology analysis was performed based on the chosen Q-markers to elaborate the potential pharmacodynamic mechanisms. More importantly, it will provide a reference for further research on the quality control and pharmacological substance basis of MOLs, as well as data support for the rational utilization of MOLs medicinal materials.