Model-Contingent Polarity Bias in Large Language Model Annotation: Implications for Semantic Multimedia Personalization

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as automated annotators in semantic multimedia systems, yet their reliability varies significantly across architectures. This study extends prior cross-model evaluations by benchmarking ChatGPT-5, Qwen-3, and Gemini-3-flash against human expert annotations using the HRAST hotel review dataset. We adopt a bias-by-design framework to analyze systematic divergences in sentiment, topic, and aspect labeling across real and synthetic data, while investigating the moderating effects of annotation mode. Findings reveal model-contingent polarity bias: ChatGPT-5 exhibits a pronounced neutrality bias, while Qwen-3 and Gemini-3-flash align more closely with human polarization. Agreement is substantial for concrete topics but diverges on abstract evaluative dimensions. Synthetic data consistently inflates reliability metrics while masking ambiguity. These findings highlight that annotation bias is structurally embedded in model design choices and operational conditions. Cross-architectural triangulation and mode-aware deployment strategies are recommended for robust semantic multimedia system development.

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Publication Details

Journal
Computers
Published
2026-04-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15050262
Primary Topic
Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Model-Contingent Polarity Bias in Large Language Model Annotation: Implications for Semantic Multimedia Personalization

Christiana Andreou, Nicolas Tsapatsoulis, Constantinos Djouvas, Maria C. Voutsa
Computers
Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
article

Model-Contingent Polarity Bias in Large Language Model Annotation: Implications for Semantic Multimedia Personalization

Christiana Andreou, Nicolas Tsapatsoulis, Constantinos Djouvas, Maria C. Voutsa
article en

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as automated annotators in semantic multimedia systems, yet their reliability varies significantly across architectures. This study extends prior cross-model evaluations by benchmarking ChatGPT-5, Qwen-3, and Gemini-3-flash against human expert annotations using the HRAST hotel review dataset. We adopt a bias-by-design framework to analyze systematic divergences in sentiment, topic, and aspect labeling across real and synthetic data, while investigating the moderating effects of annotation mode. Findings reveal model-contingent polarity bias: ChatGPT-5 exhibits a pronounced neutrality bias, while Qwen-3 and Gemini-3-flash align more closely with human polarization. Agreement is substantial for concrete topics but diverges on abstract evaluative dimensions. Synthetic data consistently inflates reliability metrics while masking ambiguity. These findings highlight that annotation bias is structurally embedded in model design choices and operational conditions. Cross-architectural triangulation and mode-aware deployment strategies are recommended for robust semantic multimedia system development.

ComputersVol. 15(5)
Cyprus University of Technology (CY)
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
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