Two-throat asymptotically flat wormholes

Abstract We present a systematic construction of traversable wormhole spacetimes featuring two symmetric throats within the framework of General Relativity. Our approach employs the embedding formalism by imposing the analytic relation $$r - r_0 = K(z^2 - a)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> between the radial coordinate and the embedding function, which naturally guarantees the flare-out condition at both throats. This ansatz yields a composite shape function b ( r ) consisting of two branches: an asymptotically flat branch ( $$\epsilon = +1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) extending to spatial infinity, and an intermediate tunnel branch ( $$\epsilon = -1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) with restricted domain $$r_0 \le r \le r_0 + Ka^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , connecting the two throats positioned at $$z = \pm \sqrt{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with separation $$2\sqrt{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Analysis of the Einstein field equations reveals that the supporting matter violates the weak, null, and dominant energy conditions throughout the spacetime, while the strong energy condition is identically satisfied with $$\rho + p_r + 2p_t = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A critical finding is the direct connection between throat separation and energy density: configurations with $$0&lt; a &lt; 1/(16Kr_0)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> admit positive energy density at the throats with phantom-type radial pressure ( $$\omega _r &lt; -1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and dark-energy-like effective behavior ( $$\omega _{\text {eff}} &lt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2026-04-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15704-1
Primary Topic
Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
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article
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article

Two-throat asymptotically flat wormholes

Pedro Labraña, Antonella Cid, Mauricio Cataldo
The European Physical Journal C
Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
article

Two-throat asymptotically flat wormholes

Pedro Labraña, Antonella Cid, Mauricio Cataldo
article en

Abstract

Abstract We present a systematic construction of traversable wormhole spacetimes featuring two symmetric throats within the framework of General Relativity. Our approach employs the embedding formalism by imposing the analytic relation $$r - r_0 = K(z^2 - a)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> between the radial coordinate and the embedding function, which naturally guarantees the flare-out condition at both throats. This ansatz yields a composite shape function b ( r ) consisting of two branches: an asymptotically flat branch ( $$\epsilon = +1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) extending to spatial infinity, and an intermediate tunnel branch ( $$\epsilon = -1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) with restricted domain $$r_0 \le r \le r_0 + Ka^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , connecting the two throats positioned at $$z = \pm \sqrt{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with separation $$2\sqrt{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Analysis of the Einstein field equations reveals that the supporting matter violates the weak, null, and dominant energy conditions throughout the spacetime, while the strong energy condition is identically satisfied with $$\rho + p_r + 2p_t = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A critical finding is the direct connection between throat separation and energy density: configurations with $$0&lt; a &lt; 1/(16Kr_0)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> admit positive energy density at the throats with phantom-type radial pressure ( $$\omega _r &lt; -1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and dark-energy-like effective behavior ( $$\omega _{\text {eff}} &lt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>

The European Physical Journal CVol. 86(4)
University of Bío-Bío (CL)
Universidad del Bío-Bío
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
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