Two-throat asymptotically flat wormholes
Abstract We present a systematic construction of traversable wormhole spacetimes featuring two symmetric throats within the framework of General Relativity. Our approach employs the embedding formalism by imposing the analytic relation $$r - r_0 = K(z^2 - a)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> between the radial coordinate and the embedding function, which naturally guarantees the flare-out condition at both throats. This ansatz yields a composite shape function b ( r ) consisting of two branches: an asymptotically flat branch ( $$\epsilon = +1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) extending to spatial infinity, and an intermediate tunnel branch ( $$\epsilon = -1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) with restricted domain $$r_0 \le r \le r_0 + Ka^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , connecting the two throats positioned at $$z = \pm \sqrt{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with separation $$2\sqrt{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Analysis of the Einstein field equations reveals that the supporting matter violates the weak, null, and dominant energy conditions throughout the spacetime, while the strong energy condition is identically satisfied with $$\rho + p_r + 2p_t = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A critical finding is the direct connection between throat separation and energy density: configurations with $$0< a < 1/(16Kr_0)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> admit positive energy density at the throats with phantom-type radial pressure ( $$\omega _r < -1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and dark-energy-like effective behavior ( $$\omega _{\text {eff}} < 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>
Authors
- Pedro Labraña (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-8580)
- Antonella Cid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-162X)
- Mauricio Cataldo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-7269)
Institutions
- University of Bío-Bío (CL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 2026-04-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15704-1
- Primary Topic
- Geometric Analysis and Curvature Flows
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Universidad del Bío-Bío