Morpho-anatomical changes and physio-biochemical responses of Carex siderosticta under water stress

to tolerate both water deficit and water excess simultaneously. Relying on the synergistic strategy of morphological plasticity adaptation, physiological metabolism regulation and anatomical structure specialization to cope with water stress, this species not only exhibits excellent drought and waterlogging tolerance but also serves as a high-quality groundcover resource for water-saving greening in arid and semi-arid regions. It is also suitable for landscape construction and ecological restoration in areas with highly variable precipitation and frequent drought‒flood alternations, thus providing crucial support for water-saving and stress‒resilient greening efforts under the context of climate change.