Life‐Cycle‐Integrated Molecular Design of Hindered Phenylene Biacetal Epoxies for Practical Recyclable Composite Applications

ABSTRACT Carbon‐fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are central to lightweight wind‐energy infrastructure but suffer from poor end‐of‐life circularity due to permanent epoxy thermoset matrices. Here we present a life‐cycle‐integrated molecular design strategy for circular epoxy resins based on a hindered phenylene biacetal architecture, overcoming the longstanding industrial trade‐offs between scalable synthesis, processability, high in‐service performance, chemical recyclability, and long‐term stability. The resins are prepared through one‐pot scalable synthesis (≥200 g), producing liquid monomers compatible with vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARI) with processing windows exceeding 60 min at 55°C. The resulting networks exhibit strong thermal–mechanical properties ( T g = 119°C–136°C, tensile strength ≥72 MPa) and significantly improved impact resistance (+83% vs. commercial bisphenol A epoxy), together with excellent durability, including negligible creep at 180°C and stable properties after prolonged hygrothermal aging (60°C/90% RH, 32 days). Dormant dynamic acetal linkages enable weak‐acid‐triggered deconstruction at room temperature, allowing 100% nondestructive carbon‐fiber recovery and >80% recovery of high‐purity monomeric precursors. Artificial‐intelligence‐assisted life‐cycle assessment indicates a 45%–56% reduction in cradle‐to‐grave CO 2 emissions compared with conventional CFRP disposal, with a total resource reutilization/upcycling rate exceeding 92%. This platform provides a practical pathway toward circular structural composites for net‐zero infrastructure.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie
Published
2026-04-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.9945235
Primary Topic
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Life‐Cycle‐Integrated Molecular Design of Hindered Phenylene Biacetal Epoxies for Practical Recyclable Composite Applications

Dehang Yang, X Wang, Kangjun Sun, Songqi Ma et al.
Angewandte Chemie
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
article

Life‐Cycle‐Integrated Molecular Design of Hindered Phenylene Biacetal Epoxies for Practical Recyclable Composite Applications

Dehang Yang, X Wang, Kangjun Sun, Songqi Ma, Rong Huang, Shanshan Dai, Shuaiqi Yang, Shuai Du, Changhui Jing, Fengyuan Zhang
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Carbon‐fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are central to lightweight wind‐energy infrastructure but suffer from poor end‐of‐life circularity due to permanent epoxy thermoset matrices. Here we present a life‐cycle‐integrated molecular design strategy for circular epoxy resins based on a hindered phenylene biacetal architecture, overcoming the longstanding industrial trade‐offs between scalable synthesis, processability, high in‐service performance, chemical recyclability, and long‐term stability. The resins are prepared through one‐pot scalable synthesis (≥200 g), producing liquid monomers compatible with vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARI) with processing windows exceeding 60 min at 55°C. The resulting networks exhibit strong thermal–mechanical properties ( T g = 119°C–136°C, tensile strength ≥72 MPa) and significantly improved impact resistance (+83% vs. commercial bisphenol A epoxy), together with excellent durability, including negligible creep at 180°C and stable properties after prolonged hygrothermal aging (60°C/90% RH, 32 days). Dormant dynamic acetal linkages enable weak‐acid‐triggered deconstruction at room temperature, allowing 100% nondestructive carbon‐fiber recovery and >80% recovery of high‐purity monomeric precursors. Artificial‐intelligence‐assisted life‐cycle assessment indicates a 45%–56% reduction in cradle‐to‐grave CO 2 emissions compared with conventional CFRP disposal, with a total resource reutilization/upcycling rate exceeding 92%. This platform provides a practical pathway toward circular structural composites for net‐zero infrastructure.

Angewandte Chemie
Jiangnan University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
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