Organic fertilizer altering root trait and microbial composition to promote the compactness tolerance of peanut

. Soil available phosphorus and potassium contents increased with higher fertilizer rates. Distance-based redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were affected by soil physical and chemical properties. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) indicated that soil organic matter was positively correlated with soil enzyme activity, which indirectly enhanced fungal diversity, while bacterial diversity showed negative correlation with soil organic matter. In conclusion, applying organic fertilizer in accordance with soil compaction levels offers an efficient strategy to improve soil microbial structure, enhance soil fertility, and promote peanut growth under compacted field conditions.