Unlocking the Potential of Phosphate-Based Weakly Coordinating Anions as Electrolyte Components for Calcium-Ion Batteries

-anion association and enhanced oxidative robustness, which is consistent with the calculated ESW values. Overall, the phosphate-based anions fall within the performance window of previously investigated WCA families, supporting their potential as a chemically distinct class of electrolyte additives for CIBs. Among the anions examined, TOP and TCP show higher ESW, with TOP in ethylene carbonate (EC) emerging as the best combination under the descriptors considered, making it a viable electrolyte component.