TRANSLATION OF NATIONAL REALIA IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

The translation of national realia presents significant challenges in cross-cultural communication, particularly between linguistically and culturally distinct languages such as English and Uzbek. This study explores the semantic and pragmatic aspects of translating national realia, focusing on how culturally bound terms are interpreted, adapted, or preserved. Using a comparative analysis method, the research examines examples from literary and non-literary texts to identify translation strategies and their effectiveness. The findings reveal that achieving equivalence in translating realia requires balancing semantic accuracy with pragmatic appropriateness. The study contributes to translation studies by highlighting the importance of cultural context and communicative intent in rendering national realia.