Observing the effectiveness of stewards and cameras in promoting behavior for beach‐nesting bird conservation: A mixed‐methods approach

Abstract Understanding the factors that influence human behavior is crucial for effective wildlife conservation strategies. This study examines the impact of conservation stewards and cameras on beachgoers' adherence to conservation guidelines designed to protect beach‐nesting birds. Specifically, it investigates whether these interventions encourage visitors to maintain a 25‐ft distance from nesting areas and walk around birds feeding along the waterline. Using a mixed‐methods approach, we conducted systematic behavioral observations ( n = 267) and semi‐structured interviews ( n = 20) to assess the effectiveness of these interventions. Logistic regression analyses revealed that steward interaction significantly increased adherence to the 25‐ft (7.6 m) conservation guideline, whereas mere steward presence had no effect. Camera presence, contrary to expectations, negatively influenced guideline adherence, likely due to curiosity. Neither intervention significantly affected behaviors requiring situational awareness, such as walking around feeding birds or general vigilance. Interview findings indicated that visitors' motivations and prior conservation awareness played a crucial role in shaping their behaviors. Visitors' interactions with signs and the presence of other people were also predictive of greater adherence. These results suggest that while active engagement from stewards can enhance engagement in conservation behaviors, the presence of cameras alone may be ineffective or even counterproductive. Conservation strategies that prioritize direct educational engagement are likely to cultivate a deeper psychological commitment and internalized pro‐conservation norms, which drive lasting behavioral change.