Biological Control of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Maize Using Epiphytic Bacteria and Yeasts

strain B-379N consistently exhibited the highest efficacy, with applications under natural infection conditions reducing both aflatoxin and fumonisin levels. Other bacterial and yeast strains also showed notable inhibition rates; however, their performance was less consistent across trials, which may be attributed to variability in climatic conditions and differences in field adaptation. Overall, the findings of this study support the use of naturally occurring epiphytic bacteria and yeasts as an effective and sustainable pre-harvest strategy for mitigating multiple mycotoxins in maize.