An exploratory expert-based DEMATEL analysis of smart lean–green lean six sigma enablers in Indian manufacturing industries

Purpose This study aims to examine the integration of Green Lean, Smart Lean and Six Sigma practices to achieve sustainable manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach The study followed the define, measure, analyse, improve and control methodology to structure the analysis. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory methodology was applied to evaluate direct and indirect relationships among the enablers, labelling enablers under the cause and effect group. Findings The study identified ten critical enablers for Green Lean and Smart Lean Six Sigma practices, with Kaizen techniques, smart grid integration and energy audits emerging as the most significant. Conversely, green training and the industrial Internet of Things were found to be less impactful. The causal analysis highlighted four enablers as primary causes and six as effects, emphasising their interrelationships and influence on sustainable manufacturing. These findings provide a structured framework for prioritising enablers and optimising Six Sigma processes to enhance manufacturing sustainability. Research limitations/implications The research adds value to the evolving body of knowledge by integrating Smart Lean, Green Lean and Six Sigma practices to achieve sustainability in manufacturing. Future research can expand on these findings by exploring additional enablers or adapting the framework to diverse industrial contexts globally. Originality/value This study combines Green Lean, Smart Lean and Six Sigma methodologies to address sustainability in manufacturing. It provides a distinctive and structured framework for assessing and implementing enablers, offering valuable insights for industries aiming to achieve operational excellence and sustainability.