Mechanisms underlying the association between the use of digital social networks and suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: In view of the increase in suicides over recent years, this review set out to explore the mechanisms proposed to underlie the association between the use of digital social networks and suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults. Understanding these mechanisms will help improve the actions aimed at reducing youth suicides. METHOD: This systematic review of the literature was carried out following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. The search focused on studies published over the past seven years in English or Spanish that are stored in databases like APA PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PSICODOC, MEDLINE and the Web of Science (WOS). RESULTS: The search yielded 16 articles for analysis, 13 descriptive empirical studies and 3 review papers identifying various mechanisms of association, including: emotional dysregulation, social contagion, behavioral addiction (to social networks and/or online video games), cyberbullying, exposure to self-harm, negative feelings like helplessness or worthlessness, social disconnection, and sleep disorders. CONCLUSIONS: There is increasing evidence of the effects of digital social network use, and of the variables that moderate or mediate its association with suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults, providing valuable information to design prevention strategies.