Driving net-zero and resilient supply chains through industry 5.0: a strategic pathway for sustainable economic development

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) based practices help to reduce supply chain emissions while ensuring resiliency. But the evidence on these practices remains limited. Therefore, this study analyses the practices in the context of I5.0 that can enable net-zero and resilient supply chains. We followed a three-phase framework: (1) identify practices through literature review, (2) map their hierarchical relationships using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), (3) evaluate causal influence using the Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach (DEMATEL). The results indicate four important practices: ESG compliance, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), human-centric and collaborative systems, and mass personalization. These practices help build net-zero and resilient supply chains. From a theoretical perspective, this study bridges the gap between I5.0 theories and the net-zero and supply chain resiliency concept. From a managerial perspective, this study offers a structured pathway to integrate digital and human capabilities for a resilient future. For policymakers, it highlights the need for incentives and infrastructure to improve I5.0 maturity.