Case Report: Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex mimicking recurrent tuberculosis in a patient with suspected pneumoconiosis and destroyed lung diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid targeted next-generation sequencing

complex (349 sequence reads, 53.4% relative abundance). The patient's condition improved rapidly following a targeted multidrug regimen (clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and amikacin) combined with supportive pneumoconiosis care. This case highlights the vital role of tNGS in differentiating nontuberculous mycobacterial disease from recurrent tuberculosis in patients with complex structural lung damage, enabling timely and precise intervention.