An Examination of Factors Affecting Eyewitness Examination in Greece

Methods examining eyewitness testimony and its identification of suspects have not received sufficient analysis internationally. In the face of growing empirical evidence of methodologic and judicial errors, Greece’s judicial process nonetheless prioritizes eyewitness testimony in gathering evidence and preparing cases for trial. Due to its pluralistic geographical and cultural position uniting European, Balkan, and Mediterranean influences, and its alignment with non-Napoleonic code nations, Greece is a useful example for studying witness interviewing in evolving judicial systems. Drawing on 87 semi-structured interviews with Greek legal professionals, this study identifies systemic variables affecting eyewitness interviews and suspect identification. Prominent barriers to robust witness interviewing included inappropriate questioning techniques and wording, frequent interruptions, scripted questions, and failure to develop a sense of trust. In identifying suspects, participants highlighted inadequate compliance with defined protocols, inadequate management of negative emotions, pressure on witnesses to make positive identifications, and introduction of improper guidance about the alleged perpetrator. Lengthy delays before the eyewitness interview and a lack of infrastructure were core influences alongside a lack of familiarity with best practices. The findings signal the need for authorities to adopt reliable methods and specific guidance for utilizing eyewitness testimony.