The Contribution of Entomological Surveillance to the Control of Chagas Disease in Endemic Regions: An Integrative Literature Review

Chagas disease remains a significant public health challenge in various endemic regions of Latin America. The persistence of vector-borne transmission highlights the complexity of the issue and the limitations of traditional strategies. In this context, entomological surveillance plays a strategic and multifaceted role, not only in the early detection of triatomine bugs but also in guiding control actions tailored to territorial realities. This study aimed to analyse the contributions of entomological surveillance to the control of Chagas disease in endemic regions, considering the integration of traditional approaches, technological innovations, and participatory strategies. An integrative literature review was conducted based on the guiding question: 'How does entomological surveillance contribute to the control of Chagas disease in different endemic regions?' This study is an integrative review conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, BVS and Web of Science databases, with no time restriction, including primary studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish. A total of 484 studies were identified. After screening and application of the eligibility criteria, 79 articles comprised the final sample, which were analysed through thematic categorisation and descriptive synthesis of the findings. Publications in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no time restrictions, were classified into six thematic categories: entomological indices and spatial mapping; factors associated with household invasion; vector control strategies; surveillance methods; professionals' perceptions; and challenges to the sustainability of actions. The findings revealed that entomological surveillance significantly contributes to the control of Chagas disease, especially when it integrates classical indicators, technological tools, and community-based strategies. The role of entomological indices, interventions in peridomestic ecotopes, and the training of field agents stands out as essential pillars for the effectiveness of interventions. However, vector resistance to insecticides remains a critical obstacle, reinforcing the need for multisectoral, localised and sustainable actions.