Biomedical Potential of Titanium-Coated Nanocomposites Explored Through Experimental and Electrochemical Analysis

Objective: This study aims to develop and systematically evaluate titanium substrates coated with chitosan-based nanocomposites incorporating PbO, Cd, and Ce nanoparticles via electrodeposition, with emphasis on corrosion resistance, electrochemical stability, and antifungal performance under simulated physiological conditions. Method: Coatings were fabricated using controlled electrodeposition in Hank’s balanced salt solution to mimic physiological ionic conditions. Key parameters including applied current density, deposition time, bath pH (7.2 ± 0.1), temperature (37 ± 1°C), and nanoparticle concentration were carefully regulated to ensure reproducibility. Structural and chemical characterization was performed using UV–Vis, UV–DRS, XRD and FTIR analyses. Corrosion behaviour was evaluated through weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using a Randles equivalent circuit model. Findings: The coatings were dense, uniform, and strongly adherent. Electrochemical studies showed significant corrosion protection, achieving inhibition efficiencies of 99% (CS/PbO) and 98% (CS/Cd and CS/Ce). Increased charge transfer resistance and reduced double-layer capacitance confirmed enhanced barrier formation. Antifungal testing against Candida albicans demonstrated improved activity, particularly for CS/Ce coatings. Novelty: This work establishes a reproducible electrochemical framework linking deposition parameters with coating performance for advanced titanium-based biomedical implants. Keywords: Titanium, Chitosan Bio-nanocomposite, Electrodeposition, UV, XRD, FTIR