BMAL1 as a central chronobiological integrator of intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis

The biological clock gene BMAL1 (Brain and Muscle ARNT-like Protein 1) is a core regulator of circadian rhythms, orchestrating various physiological processes to maintain health. Recent studies demonstrate BMAL1's pivotal role in the digestive system, extending beyond traditional rhythmic regulation. BMAL1, a key transcription factor, forms heterodimers with CLOCK proteins to regulate the expression of genes involved in gastrointestinal motility, digestive enzyme secretion, and nutrient absorption. This review systematically explores BMAL1's multifaceted roles in digestive function, including its impact on gastrointestinal motility, digestive enzyme secretion, nutrient absorption, and its association with digestive diseases. We also discuss BMAL1's regulation of drug metabolism and its potential as a therapeutic target for circadian rhythm disorders. Understanding BMAL1's mechanisms provides new insights into the complex interplay between circadian rhythms, metabolism, and intestinal health, offering potential strategies for optimizing clinical treatments and reducing side effects.