REGIONAL PROBLEMS OF SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION

Sunflower production is a key agricultural sector in the country, ensuring food security. Intensive sunflower cultivation leads to soil degradation, a phytosanitary crisis, and rising costs. In the post-reform period, the condition of land resources in the Saratov Region has deteriorated, resulting from disruptions in the structure of cultivated areas and scientifically based crop rotations, as well as the irresponsible attitude of landowners and land users toward agricultural and environmental requirements. The share of eroded soil in the Saratov Region's arable land exceeds 42 %, and humus content has decreased by an average of 0.3–0.5 % over the past 20 years. This leads to a 10–15 % decrease in yield and increased costs to compensate for nutrient deficiencies. This problem requires a comprehensive solution at the federal, regional, and local government levels. Consequently, a transition to resource-saving farming systems has become necessary. This article identifies key factors affecting the effectiveness of sunflower production. The study suggests that capital investment and capital-labor ratios are key factors in ensuring sustainable development and increased productivity in sunflower production under current conditions. An algorithm for implementing a precision farming system in sunflower production (applicable to agricultural enterprises) is proposed, encompassing five key stages. The measures outlined in the research article will increase sunflower yields and reduce harvest losses, which, in turn, will stimulate growth in gross harvest through the transition to resource-saving farming.