Genome-wide analysis of expansin and aquaporin genes and their association with auxin-related metabolites during flower opening in Lonicera macranthoides

Introduction: have not been systematically studied, and their roles in flower opening remain unclear. Methods: Expansin and aquaporin genes were identified from a chromosome-level genome using hidden Markov models. Phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal localization, protein sequence features, gene structures, and cis-regulatory elements were further analyzed. Gene expression patterns were examined using transcriptomic data and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and auxin-related metabolites were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results and discussion: .