TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE METHODS OF TEACHING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The teaching of English as a second or foreign language (ESL/EFL) has evolved significantly over the past two centuries. From rigid, teacher-centered approaches focused on grammar and translation to dynamic, studentcentered, technology-driven strategies, methods have adapted to learners' needs, technological advancements, and insights from second language acquisition research. Understanding both traditional and innovative methods helps educators blend the best elements for effective, engaging instruction.