Bio-Cementation of Cracked Soils: Evaluating MICP Contributions to Stability and Practical Challenges in Coal Mining Applications

In this review, the application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) for repairing coal mining-induced cracks in loess soils was summarized, and its objectives, main findings, and key challenges were highlighted. First, the formation characteristics and engineering demands of mining-induced loess cracks were analyzed, and the limitations of existing repair methods in terms of durability, adaptability, and environmental impact were emphasized. The advantages of MICP for soil stabilization, crack sealing, and ground improvement were presented, demonstrating its potential for use in the remediation of cracks in loess. Key challenges in practical implementation, including uneven injection, clogging, environmental constraints on microbial activity, ammonia byproduct risks, and insufficient long-term stability assessment, were discussed. Overall, MICP offers a sustainable and effective strategy for loess crack repair, providing a promising approach for ecological restoration and geotechnical reinforcement in mining-affected regions.