Rhabdomyolysis associated with Ophioglossum vulgatum consumption: a case series and safety implications

Background: , commonly known as "Yi Zhi Jian") is a traditional herbal medicine and food ingredient widely used for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties and generally considered safe. However, its potential for severe muscular toxicity, particularly rhabdomyolysis, has not been systematically reported. Case Presentation: was assessed as "probable" for all ten patients according to the WHO-UMC scale. Conclusion: consumption and severe rhabdomyolysis. Clinicians and the public should be aware of this risk and should avoid excessive or unconventional use. A detailed history of herbal medicine use is recommended for patients presenting with unexplained myalgia and elevated CK levels.