An Unusual Case of Neonatal Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia from Oman – Does Active Surveillance Play a Pivotal Role?

Abstract Neonatal bacterial infections, specifically bacteremia, have been attributed to microorganisms acquired in the perinatal period. Earlyonset neonatal sepsis is commonly caused by organisms, predominantly bacteria, acquired during delivery or immediately after birth. Bacterial etiological agents of early and lateonset neonatal bacteremia are: Escherichia coli , Group B Streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , enterococci, coagulasenegative Staphylococcus , and other Enterobacterales. Organisms causing neonatal bacteremia reported across the world are scarce, often associated with deviceassociated infection and environmental contamination. We present a case of lateonset neonatal sepsis in a 6dayold baby caused by Vibrio cholerae , which is a very rare and not reported from most parts of the world. The unusual nature of this infection linked to source identification makes this report exclusively the first from Oman.