Практичні аспекти створення системи передавання даних для керування безпілотними надводними апаратами в умовах нестабільних каналів зв’язку

The study presents the development and verification of an adaptive data transmission system for controlling unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in unstable communication channels. The work aims to overcome the limitations of existing technologies, which include LTE networks and satellite systems that fail to deliver stable service quality for USV remote control operations. The proposed adaptive routing algorithm evaluates communication channel status through three vital indicators, which include delay, packet loss, and availability. The algorithm selects the best channels according to changing weight parameters. Experimental results confirmed a significant reduction in data transmission delays, stable real-time video streaming with a delay of 1–4 seconds, and a reduction in packet loss to below 2 %. In addition, the system implements the use of modern video coding standards (e.g., H.265) and secure VPN channels, which increase bandwidth efficiency and the level of cybersecurity. The results confirm the practical suitability of the proposed system for USV operation in real marine conditions, as well as its potential for use in critical scenarios that require stable, low-latency communication.