Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Cuproptosis and Then Promote the Activation and Migration of Cardiac Fibroblasts

plus SLC31A1-O. In addition, AGEs significantly promoted cell migration and enhanced the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, while SLC31A1 siRNA or TTM weakened these effects. SLC31A1-O plus copper treatment also had similar effects to AGEs, and these effects could also be blocked by TTM. Therefore, AGEs enhance copper transport by promoting SLC31A1 expression, which leads to intracellular copper overload and then induces cuproptosis, and finally promotes CF activation and migration.