Supplementary Paper on the Unified photino Particle Model

This paper redefines the essence of radiation and excludes electromagnetic waves from the category of radiation. Electromagnetic waves are pure field oscillations, while radiation is essentially the directional motion of massive photino clusters. The equivalent mass of the minimum infrared photino cluster is derived in this work. On this basis, the mass gradient of photino clusters in ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray bands is calculated, which perfectly matches the law of biological radiation damage. This paper also denies the unreasonable mainstream photon mass model, and maintains the logical self-consistency of the theoretical system.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-04-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19673617
Primary Topic
Ocular and Laser Science Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Supplementary Paper on the Unified photino Particle Model

qin zhang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Ocular and Laser Science Research
article

Supplementary Paper on the Unified photino Particle Model

qin zhang
article en

Abstract

This paper redefines the essence of radiation and excludes electromagnetic waves from the category of radiation. Electromagnetic waves are pure field oscillations, while radiation is essentially the directional motion of massive photino clusters. The equivalent mass of the minimum infrared photino cluster is derived in this work. On this basis, the mass gradient of photino clusters in ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma-ray bands is calculated, which perfectly matches the law of biological radiation damage. This paper also denies the unreasonable mainstream photon mass model, and maintains the logical self-consistency of the theoretical system.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Ocular and Laser Science Research
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Supplementary Paper on the Unified photino Particle Model — qin zhang · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS