Single-source full-duplex UWOC system using a Bessel beam in bubble-disturbed channels

This work demonstrates a single-source full-duplex underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system enabled by digital micromirror device (DMD)-based Bessel beam generation. A ring-shaped pattern encoded on the DMD synthesizes Bessel-like beam via Fourier transformation, while a MEMS grating modulator realizes retro-reflective uplink transmission using the same optical path. The proposed architecture enables downlink transmission and proof-of-concept uplink operation under bubble-disturbed conditions. Compared with Gaussian-beam transmission, the Bessel-beam scheme exhibits improved resistance to bubble-induced intensity fading, which is consistent with the propagation characteristics of Bessel-like beams, including reduced sensitivity to localized perturbations, providing a compact and robust solution for full-duplex UWOC.