Clinical nuclear medicine applications of zirconium-89 immuno-PET: a comprehensive review from a radiopharmaceutical perspective

BACKGROUND: Immuno-positron emission tomography (immuno-PET) imaging is emerging as a highly promising technique for the non-invasive diagnosis of a wide range of pathological conditions, particularly in oncology and immunology. This molecular imaging modality enables the visualization, characterization, and quantification of biological processes at a cellular and molecular level. MAIN BODY: Zr-labeled mAbs faces numerous challenges. These include logistical and technical hurdles, but more significantly, regulatory obstacles that vary across countries and between regulatory authorities, particularly within Europe. Such disparities hinder the harmonization of clinical trials and limit access to immuno-PET technologies for many research centers. CONCLUSION: Zr-labeled mAbs, based on published studies and ongoing trials, and highlight the key challenges that need to be addressed to expand access to this powerful imaging modality.