X-FEM based Homogenization for the Elastic Properties of Masonry Considering Damage

This paper develops a homogenization methodology to determine the effective elastic properties of masonry. The bricks of the masonry are embedded into the mortar matrix as closed regions of stiffer phases. The lines of discontinuity due to phase changes from mortar to brick are introduced as interfaces by virtue of the extended finite element method, while keeping the underlying finite element mesh regular. This approach allows the interface bond stiffness between the mortar and the brick to be adjusted as needed. Case studies illustrate the influence of the RVE boundary conditions, the brick and the mortar content as well as the interface bond stiffness on the homogenized properties of masonry. Modelling strategies that can consider interface damage are discussed.