Distinct kinesiophobia profiles and associated factors in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Introduction: Kinesiophobia, or fear of movement, is common among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and may hinder postoperative rehabilitation. However, little is known about its heterogeneity in this population. This study aimed to distinct kinesiophobia profiles and explore associated factors to inform targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospitalized CABG patients in Beijing, China, between October and November 2024. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to classify kinesiophobia subgroups. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to examine associations with sociodemographic variables, disease-related characteristics, social support, self-efficacy, and anxiety. Results: A total of 201 patients were included. LPA identified two subgroups: low kinesiophobia (46.8%) and high kinesiophobia (53.2%). Across both profiles, participants reported relatively low concern about "perceived danger for heart problems" but greater avoidance of exercise, indicating that exercise avoidance may represent a core characteristic of kinesiophobia in this population. Logistic regression further revealed that lower educational levels (middle school or below, OR = 3.59; high school/vocational, OR = 2.89) and higher anxiety levels (OR = 1.08) were significantly associated with membership in the high-kinesiophobia group. Discussion: Early identification of high-risk subgroups, particularly those with limited educational background or elevated anxiety, and the implementation of tailored psychological and educational interventions may help reduce kinesiophobia and promote postoperative recovery. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify its trajectory and to evaluate the effectiveness of targeted intervention strategies across perioperative and postoperative phases.