Flora of the Village of Gölcük and its Surroundings (Kestel, Bursa)

In this study, the floristic characteristics of Gölcük Village and its surroundings, located within the borders of Bursa Province, one of the prominent tourism and settlement centers of Türkiye, were investigated. As a result of the research, a total of 378 taxa at the species and subspecies level belonging to 69 families and 229 genera were identified in the study area. Among these taxa, 3 belong to the division Pteridophyta, while 375 belong to the division Spermatophyta. Of the taxa within Spermatophyta, 4 belong to the subdivision Gymnospermae, and 371 to the subdivision Angiospermae. Within the Angiospermae subdivision, 333 taxa belong to the class Dicotyledonae, and 38 to the class Monocotyledonae. The families richest in taxa in the study area were Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae, Polygonaceae, Geraniaceae, Fagaceae, Brassicaceae, and Malvaceae. Among these families, the genera richest in taxa were Trifolium (8 taxa, 2.12%), Medicago (6 taxa, 1.59%), Ranunculus (6 taxa, 1.59%), Rumex (5 taxa, 1.32%), Geranium (5 taxa, 1.32%), Vicia (5 taxa, 1.32%), Quercus (5 taxa, 1.32%), Alyssum (4 taxa, 1.06%), Malva (4 taxa, 1.06%), and Lathyrus (4 taxa, 1.06%). The distribution of the taxa according to phytogeographical regions was recorded as follows: Mediterranean elements (63 taxa, 16.67%), Euro-Siberian elements (50 taxa, 13.23%), Irano-Turanian elements (5 taxa, 1.32%), and multi-regional or phytogeographically unclassified elements (260 taxa, 68.78%). The classification of the taxa in the study area according to life forms was as follows: Phanerophytes (Fa.) 48 taxa (12.70%), Chamaephytes (Kam.) 19 taxa (5.03%), Hemicryptophytes (Hkrp.) 147 taxa (38.89%), Cryptophytes (Krp.) 38 taxa (10.05%), Therophytes (Te.) 124 taxa (32.80%), and vascular parasites 2 taxa (0.53%). The number of endemic taxa in the area was determined as 4, corresponding to an endemism rate of 1.06%.