Beyond attenuation: a translational review of curative-intent pharmacological targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

6 integrin-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) (bexotegrast) have yielded promising Phase 2 data, demonstrating a sophisticated translational learning loop. Furthermore, the geroscience approach targeting cellular senescence (dasatinib/quercetin) has introduced a controversial new paradigm, while the recent approval of nerandomilast (a phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitor) establishes a new therapeutic class. The IPF pipeline has matured, moving from broad attenuation toward specific, mechanism-based inhibition. This shift, informed by interpreting trial failures, is guiding the development of therapies toward disease modification and combination strategies, offering a tangible path toward curative-intent treatments.