Porphyrins as Novel Therapeutics for HIV: Mechanism, Advances, and Challenges

and preclinical results, challenges such as cytotoxicity, bioavailability, and resistance mechanisms remain unaddressed. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research on porphyrins as anti-HIV agents, emphasizing their potential as a therapeutic strategy and identifying key areas for future investigation. The findings underscore the importance of porphyrins in the ongoing search for effective antiviral therapies against HIV.