E-Miracle: An inquiry-realistic digital module to support students’ 6C competencies

The increasing demand for twenty-first-century competencies requires mathematics learning environments that not only support conceptual understanding but also foster students' broader competencies, such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, character, and citizenship (6C). However, classroom practices in geometry often emphasize procedural knowledge, limiting students' opportunities to construct mathematical meaning through exploration and contextual reasoning. This study aimed to develop an inquiry–realistic digital module, namely E-Miracle, using Scratch to support the development of students' 6C competencies in learning about quadrilaterals. The study employed an educational design research approach consisting of three iterative phases: preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. During the preliminary phase, the structure of the digital module and the learning trajectory were designed by integrating inquiry-based learning principles with contextual problems inspired by Realistic Mathematics Education. The prototype was subsequently refined through expert validation and small-scale implementation. The results indicate that the developed module achieved high validity according to expert judgment. Furthermore, the module's practicality was demonstrated through classroom implementation, where both teachers and students used it effectively during learning activities. Students actively engaged in collaborative exploration and contextual problem solving through Scratch-assisted tasks. The findings suggest that the E-Miracle module provides a learning environment that supports the development of students' 6C competencies, particularly in collaborative exploration, the communication of ideas, and creative problem-solving. These results imply that integrating inquiry-based learning, realistic mathematical contexts, and digital technology can provide meaningful learning experiences that foster deeper mathematical understanding.