The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Social Support in Emerging Adults

A considerable number of adults in the United States have a history of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). A history of ACEs is associated with numerous deleterious outcomes such as poorer physical and mental health. This study examined the impact of ACEs on symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety and explored the role of social support (i.e. familial support and peer support) as a probable protective factor. One hundred fifty-two emerging adults between the ages of 18 to 25 completed online self-report measures. A history of ACEs predicted symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Social support did not moderate the relationship between ACEs and greater symptoms of mental health issues. These findings build on the existing body of literature on the implications of ACEs on adult mental health outcomes. Psychological support services that employ a trauma-informed approach are warranted to identify and enhance protective factors in populations exposed to ACEs.