Ancient felsic sediments recycled through the deep mantle by plate tectonics

= 7). These results require that the history of these subduction products diverged from those of other Marquesas magmas more than four billion years ago. Quantitative modeling suggests that the most geochemically enriched Marquesas samples represent up to ~0.6% recycled crustal sediments, which may have been subducted at any time in Earth's history but were most likely subducted in the late Hadean Eon to early Eoarchean Era. The inferred felsic composition of such materials further requires that both crustal melting and sedimentation processes were active in some form on the early Earth. Further, the preservation of evidence for foundational planetary events in geologically young rocks reveals that Earth's volcanic hotspots could provide a defining perspective on the early planetary-scale processes that build Earth-like planets.